What is doppler move meter?
Doppler circulate meter is a type of ultrasonic circulate meter. These devices use the scientific precept of the Doppler impact to measure the volumetric flow by way of a pipe. This is done in such a means that the Doppler move meter is clamped to the skin of the pipe, so it does not disturb the move as other kinds of flow meters require.
Doppler circulate meters use the frequency of the ultrasonic beam to find out the flow price of a liquid. This measurement is feasible because of the Doppler impact discovered by Austrian scientist Christian Johann Doppler within the early 1800s. Essentially, the Doppler impact means that the frequency of a sound wave depends on the movement of the sound receiver, or the supply of the sound relative to the medium by way of which the sound travels. In this case, the medium by which the sound wave propagates is the liquid flowing through the pipe.
In order for a Doppler flowmeter to work correctly, the liquid should comprise particles or bubbles, so it works properly for dirty liquids, but not so well for clear water. The circulate meter emits an ultrasonic sign, which is reflected by particles and bubbles, resulting in a shift in signal frequency. This frequency shift is measured by the flowmeter.
How does doppler flowmeter work?
The Doppler flowmeter converts the measured frequency shift into a volumetric circulate price. The velocity of flow in the pipe is calculated utilizing the frequency shift, the original frequency of the ultrasonic sign, the velocity of the sound through the emitter materials, and the sine of the angle of the signal into the liquid. Once the speed is known, the volumetric circulate fee can be simply calculated by multiplying the rate by the area of the pipe.
In calculating the flow rate, the meter detects the speed at the discontinuity, not the velocity of the fluid. The velocity of move (V) could be determined by the following equation.
V = (f 0 – f 1 )Ct / 2f zero cos(a)
the place Ct is the speed of sound inside the transducer, f0 is the transmission frequency, f1 is the reflection frequency, and a is the angle of the transmitter and receiver crystals with respect to the tube axis. Since C t / 2f 0 cos(a) is a continuing (K), the relationship may be simplified to
V = (f 0 – f 1 )K
Thus, the flow price V (ft/sec) is proportional to the change in frequency. The flow rate (Q in gpm) in a pipe with a particular inside diameter (ID in.) could be obtained by the following equation
Q = 2.45V(ID) 2 = 2.45f 0 -f 1 )K 2
The presence of acoustic discontinuities is crucial to the right operation of a Doppler move meter. The generally accepted rule of thumb is that for proper signal reflection, at least 80-100 mg/l of solid particles are +200 mesh (+75 microns) in dimension. In the case of bubbles, a diameter of 100-200 mg/l between +75 and +150 microns is right. If the size or concentration of the discontinuity adjustments, the amplitude of the mirrored signal might be shifted, introducing errors.
Doppler flowmeters might have one or two sensors. Both types include a transmitter and a receiver, but in a single sensor Doppler circulate meter they’re contained in one sensor. Reflected particles within the liquid reflect the transmitted sign again to the receiver. In a twin sensor circulate meter, the transmitter and receiver are sandwiched on opposite sides of the pipe.
Doppler flow meters can be a good monitoring possibility as a result of they don’t intrude with flow and require little maintenance. In addition, they can provide fast and correct circulate measurements for a variety of liquids beneath quite so much of temperature and circulate circumstances. On the opposite hand, liquids must comprise air bubbles or particles for the meter to work correctly, and lined or stainless steel piping can intrude with the transmitter sign and cut back measurement accuracy.
Advantages of Doppler ultrasonic circulate meters
Doppler circulate meters can be utilized where other meters do not work. This could additionally be liquid slurries, aerated liquids or liquids containing small or massive quantities of suspended solids. The benefits may be summarized as follows.
Less obstruction to flow
Can be put in exterior the pipe
Pressure drop equal to the equal size of a straight pipe1
Low circulate cut-off
Corrosion resistance
Relatively low energy consumption
Extended reading:
Ultrasonic circulate meter working precept
Select the right water flow meter
Mass flow price vs volumetric circulate rate
Relation between circulate and pressuree
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What is doppler flow meter?
Doppler flow meter is a type of ultrasonic flow meter. These units use the scientific precept of the Doppler impact to measure the volumetric flow via a pipe. This is finished in such a means that the Doppler move meter is clamped to the skin of the pipe, so it doesn’t disturb the flow as different types of circulate meters require.
Doppler circulate meters use the frequency of the ultrasonic beam to discover out the flow fee of a liquid. This measurement is possible as a outcome of Doppler effect discovered by Austrian scientist Christian Johann Doppler within the early 1800s. Essentially, the Doppler effect means that the frequency of a sound wave is dependent upon the motion of the sound receiver, or the source of the sound relative to the medium by way of which the sound travels. In this case, the medium by which the sound wave propagates is the liquid flowing via the pipe.
In order for a Doppler flowmeter to work correctly, the liquid must include particles or bubbles, so it works well for dirty liquids, however not so well for clear water. The move meter emits an ultrasonic signal, which is mirrored by particles and bubbles, leading to a shift in sign frequency. This frequency shift is measured by the flowmeter.
How does doppler flowmeter work?
The Doppler flowmeter converts the measured frequency shift right into a volumetric circulate price. The velocity of circulate in the pipe is calculated using the frequency shift, the unique frequency of the ultrasonic signal, the rate of the sound by way of the emitter materials, and the sine of the angle of the signal into the liquid. Once the rate is known, the volumetric flow price could be easily calculated by multiplying the rate by the realm of the pipe.
In calculating the circulate price, the meter detects the rate on the discontinuity, not the velocity of the fluid. The velocity of move (V) can be decided by the following equation.
V = (f zero – f 1 )Ct / 2f 0 cos(a)
where Ct is the speed of sound contained in the transducer, f0 is the transmission frequency, f1 is the reflection frequency, and a is the angle of the transmitter and receiver crystals with respect to the tube axis. Since C t / 2f 0 cos(a) is a continuing (K), the relationship could be simplified to
V = (f 0 – f 1 )K
Thus, the flow fee V (ft/sec) is proportional to the change in frequency. The move fee (Q in gpm) in a pipe with a specific inside diameter (ID in.) can be obtained by the following equation
Q = 2.45V(ID) 2 = 2.45f 0 -f 1 )K 2
The presence of acoustic discontinuities is important to the proper operation of a Doppler move meter. The typically accepted rule of thumb is that for correct sign reflection, no much less than 80-100 mg/l of solid particles are +200 mesh (+75 microns) in dimension. In the case of bubbles, a diameter of 100-200 mg/l between +75 and +150 microns is right. If the scale or focus of the discontinuity adjustments, the amplitude of the reflected signal will be shifted, introducing errors.
Doppler flowmeters may have one or two sensors. Both sorts contain a transmitter and a receiver, however in a single sensor Doppler flow meter they are contained in a single sensor. Reflected particles within the liquid mirror the transmitted sign back to the receiver. In a twin sensor move meter, the transmitter and receiver are sandwiched on opposite sides of the pipe.
compound gauge ราคา is normally a good monitoring possibility because they do not intrude with circulate and require little upkeep. In addition, they’ll present quick and correct circulate measurements for a variety of liquids under quite lots of temperature and flow situations. On the opposite hand, liquids must contain air bubbles or particles for the meter to work properly, and lined or chrome steel piping can intervene with the transmitter signal and reduce measurement accuracy.
Advantages of Doppler ultrasonic flow meters
Doppler circulate meters can be used the place other meters don’t work. This could additionally be liquid slurries, aerated liquids or liquids containing small or giant amounts of suspended solids. The advantages may be summarized as follows.
Less obstruction to circulate
Can be installed outside the pipe
Pressure drop equal to the equivalent size of a straight pipe1
Low move cut-off
Corrosion resistance
Relatively low power consumption
Extended reading:
Ultrasonic move meter working precept
Select the proper water circulate meter
Mass move rate vs volumetric circulate price
Relation between move and straine